Back in 2009 a Masters student named Alan Feng created and taught a class at Cal Berkeley called Game Theory with Applications to StarCraft. You've probably seen or heard of them.
There were multiple videos taken of his lecture, some of them are missing. I've scoured the internet to find as many of these resources and supplemental resources to try to recreate the class in online format. I figured you'd be interested in it. You can see the course here:
http://www.coursehero.com/courses/36/Game-Theory-with-Applications-to-StarCraft/#intro
Most of the class is about how you can use math and formulas to evaluate the state of the game and create the best decision from that information. This heavily overlaps with how a computer AI might play StarCraft.
There's also a blog I found of a guy who took the class and wrote a post on each week's class. Some of the stuff I put in the online class is from him. It's good follow up reading if you want.
http://www.sirlin.net/blog/category/starcraft-class
Please note that even though I'm posting in the StarCraft 2 forums, the class references StarCraft 1 because 2 wasn't out yet.
Full disclosure: I'm not Alan Feng, I don't know him. I didn't take the class at Cal Berkeley.